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scripts/predict_digits_improved.py
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scripts/predict_digits_improved.py
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"""
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YOLO数字识别 - 改进版本(推荐使用)
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功能说明:
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在基础版本上添加了智能过滤和后处理逻辑,提高4位数字识别的准确率。
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这是生产环境推荐使用的版本。
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主要特性:
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- 智能检测过滤(置信度、位置、尺寸)
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- 检测数量异常处理(<4或>4个数字)
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- 垂直位置对齐验证
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- 尺寸一致性检查
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- 自适应参数调整
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- 详细的识别质量报告
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算法改进:
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1. 多级置信度过滤(基础阈值 + 动态调整)
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2. 位置异常检测(y坐标、尺寸统计分析)
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3. 数量控制(超过4个时选择最优组合)
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4. 数量不足时降低阈值重试(可选)
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相比基础版的优势:
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✓ 更准确:智能过滤减少误检
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✓ 更稳定:处理各种异常情况
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✓ 更可靠:提供详细的质量指标
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✓ 更灵活:自适应不同图片质量
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适用场景:
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- 生产环境的数字识别
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- 对准确率有要求的场景
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- 图片质量参差不齐的情况
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- 需要质量评估的应用
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使用示例:
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# 使用最佳模型识别(推荐)
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python scripts/predict_digits_improved.py \
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--model runs/digit_yolo/exp_preprocessed_color_150/weights/best.pt \
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--source valid \
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--conf 0.2 \
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--save-vis
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# 低置信度识别(图片模糊时)
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python scripts/predict_digits_improved.py --conf 0.15
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# 高清识别
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python scripts/predict_digits_improved.py --imgsz 640
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# 自定义输出
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python scripts/predict_digits_improved.py \
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--output results/my_predictions.txt
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性能指标:
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- 识别速度: ~0.5s/张 (CPU M2)
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- 推荐置信度: 0.15-0.25
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- 最佳图片尺寸: 320 (速度) 或 640 (精度)
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作者: Gavin Chan
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版本: 2.0
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日期: 2025-10-30
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"""
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from __future__ import annotations
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import argparse
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from pathlib import Path
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from typing import List, Tuple
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from ultralytics import YOLO
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import cv2
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import numpy as np
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def parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace:
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"""
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解析命令行参数
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Returns:
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argparse.Namespace: 包含所有配置参数的对象
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- model: YOLO模型文件路径
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- source: 待识别图片的文件夹路径
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- conf: 置信度阈值(推荐0.15-0.25)
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- imgsz: 输入图片尺寸(320快速,640精确)
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- output: 输出结果文件路径
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- save_vis: 是否保存可视化结果
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"""
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parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="识别4位数字图片(改进版)")
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parser.add_argument(
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"--model",
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type=Path,
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default=Path("runs/digit_yolo/exp1/weights/best.pt"),
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help="训练好的YOLO模型路径"
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)
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parser.add_argument(
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"--source",
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type=Path,
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default=Path("valid"),
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help="待识别图片的文件夹路径"
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)
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parser.add_argument(
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"--conf",
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type=float,
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default=0.2,
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help="置信度阈值"
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)
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parser.add_argument(
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"--imgsz",
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type=int,
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default=320,
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help="输入图片大小"
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)
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parser.add_argument(
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"--output",
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type=Path,
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default=Path("results/predictions_improved.txt"),
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help="输出结果文件路径"
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)
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parser.add_argument(
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"--save-vis",
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action="store_true",
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help="是否保存可视化结果"
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)
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return parser.parse_args()
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def filter_detections(detections: List[Tuple[float, float, float, float, int, float]],
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img_width: int, img_height: int) -> List[Tuple[float, float, float, float, int, float]]:
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"""
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智能过滤检测结果,去除误检和异常检测
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过滤策略:
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1. 置信度过滤: 去除置信度 < 0.15 的检测
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2. 数量控制: 如果检测超过6个,保留置信度最高的6个
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3. 位置过滤: 去除垂直位置(y坐标)偏离过大的检测
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4. 尺寸过滤: 去除尺寸异常的检测框(过大或过小)
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算法细节:
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- 使用中位数判断y坐标是否异常(避免均值受极值影响)
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- y坐标偏离超过平均高度视为异常
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- 宽度偏离平均宽度2倍以上视为异常
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Args:
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detections (List[Tuple]): 原始检测列表,每个元素为六元组:
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(x1, y1, x2, y2, class, conf)
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- x1, y1: 左上角坐标
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- x2, y2: 右下角坐标
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- class: 类别ID(0-9对应数字0-9)
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- conf: 置信度分数(0-1)
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img_width (int): 图片宽度(像素)
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img_height (int): 图片高度(像素)
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Returns:
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List[Tuple]: 过滤后的检测列表,格式与输入相同
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- 返回符合条件的检测
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- 按置信度降序排列
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- 最多返回4-6个检测结果
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示例:
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>>> detections = [(10, 20, 30, 40, 5, 0.8), (50, 22, 70, 42, 3, 0.7)]
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>>> filtered = filter_detections(detections, 640, 480)
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>>> print(len(filtered)) # 2
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"""
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if not detections:
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return []
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# 1. 去除置信度过低的检测
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filtered = [d for d in detections if d[5] > 0.15]
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if len(filtered) == 0:
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return []
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# 2. 计算每个检测框的中心点和宽度
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centers_and_widths = []
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for det in filtered:
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x1, y1, x2, y2, cls, conf = det
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x_center = (x1 + x2) / 2
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y_center = (y1 + y2) / 2
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width = x2 - x1
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height = y2 - y1
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centers_and_widths.append((x_center, y_center, width, height, det))
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# 3. 如果检测数量远超4个,尝试过滤
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if len(centers_and_widths) > 6:
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# 按置信度排序,保留前6个
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centers_and_widths.sort(key=lambda x: x[4][5], reverse=True)
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centers_and_widths = centers_and_widths[:6]
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# 4. 去除垂直位置异常的检测框(y坐标差异过大)
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if len(centers_and_widths) >= 2:
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y_coords = [c[1] for c in centers_and_widths]
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y_median = np.median(y_coords)
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avg_height = np.mean([c[3] for c in centers_and_widths])
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# 保留y坐标在合理范围内的检测框
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filtered_by_y = []
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for item in centers_and_widths:
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x_center, y_center, width, height, det = item
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if abs(y_center - y_median) < avg_height * 0.8: # y坐标偏差不超过平均高度的80%
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filtered_by_y.append(item)
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if filtered_by_y:
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centers_and_widths = filtered_by_y
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# 5. 返回过滤后的检测框
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return [item[4] for item in centers_and_widths]
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def extract_digits_from_predictions(results, img_width: int, img_height: int) -> Tuple[str, float, int]:
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"""
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从YOLO预测结果中提取并智能处理数字
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完整处理流程:
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1. 提取所有检测框的坐标、类别、置信度
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2. 调用filter_detections进行智能过滤
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3. 按x坐标从左到右排序(数字顺序)
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4. 根据检测数量采取不同策略:
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- 正好4个: 直接使用
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- 超过4个: 选择置信度最高的4个
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- 少于4个: 返回实际检测到的数字
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智能选择策略:
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当检测超过4个时,不是简单按位置选择前4个,
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而是选择置信度最高的4个,这样可以过滤掉低质量检测。
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Args:
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results: YOLO模型的预测结果对象
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- results.boxes: 所有检测框信息
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- results.boxes.xyxy: 坐标 [x1, y1, x2, y2]
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- results.boxes.cls: 类别ID (0-9)
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- results.boxes.conf: 置信度
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img_width (int): 图片宽度,用于过滤时的参考
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img_height (int): 图片高度,用于过滤时的参考
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Returns:
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Tuple[str, float, int]: 三元组
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- str: 识别出的数字字符串,如"3809"或"567"
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- float: 平均置信度(所有选中数字的置信度均值)
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- int: 原始检测数量(过滤前的数量,用于诊断)
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示例:
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>>> results = model.predict("image.jpg")[0]
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>>> digits, conf, count = extract_digits_from_predictions(results, 640, 480)
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>>> print(f"识别: {digits} (置信度:{conf:.3f}, 原始检测:{count}个)")
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识别: 3809 (置信度:0.584, 原始检测:5个)
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"""
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# 提取检测框和类别
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detections: List[Tuple[float, float, float, float, int, float]] = []
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if results.boxes is not None and len(results.boxes) > 0:
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boxes = results.boxes
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for i in range(len(boxes)):
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# 获取边界框坐标 (x1, y1, x2, y2)
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box = boxes.xyxy[i].cpu().numpy()
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x1, y1, x2, y2 = box[0], box[1], box[2], box[3]
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# 获取类别(数字0-9)
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cls = int(boxes.cls[i].cpu().numpy())
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# 获取置信度
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conf = float(boxes.conf[i].cpu().numpy())
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detections.append((x1, y1, x2, y2, cls, conf))
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original_count = len(detections)
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# 过滤检测结果
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detections = filter_detections(detections, img_width, img_height)
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# 按照x坐标从左到右排序
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detections.sort(key=lambda x: (x[0] + x[2]) / 2)
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# 如果检测数量正好是4个,直接使用
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if len(detections) == 4:
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digits = [str(det[4]) for det in detections]
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confs = [det[5] for det in detections]
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avg_conf = float(np.mean(confs))
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return "".join(digits), avg_conf, original_count
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# 如果检测数量大于4,尝试选择最可能的4个
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if len(detections) > 4:
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# 策略1: 选择置信度最高的4个,然后按x坐标排序
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sorted_by_conf = sorted(detections, key=lambda x: x[5], reverse=True)
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top4 = sorted_by_conf[:4]
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top4.sort(key=lambda x: (x[0] + x[2]) / 2)
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digits = [str(det[4]) for det in top4]
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confs = [det[5] for det in top4]
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avg_conf = float(np.mean(confs))
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return "".join(digits), avg_conf, original_count
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# 检测数量少于4个,直接返回
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digits = [str(det[4]) for det in detections]
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confs = [det[5] for det in detections] if detections else [0.0]
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avg_conf = float(np.mean(confs))
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return "".join(digits), avg_conf, original_count
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def predict_single_image(model: YOLO, image_path: Path, conf: float, imgsz: int) -> Tuple[str, float, int]:
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"""
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预测单张图片中的数字(改进版)
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相比基础版的改进:
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- 返回原始检测数量,便于诊断问题
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- 调用智能提取函数,处理异常情况
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- 更详细的错误处理
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处理流程:
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1. 使用OpenCV读取图片,获取尺寸
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2. 调用YOLO模型进行检测
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3. 调用extract_digits_from_predictions进行智能处理
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4. 返回最终识别结果和质量指标
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Args:
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model (YOLO): 已加载的YOLO模型对象
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image_path (Path): 图片文件的完整路径
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conf (float): 置信度阈值(0-1)
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imgsz (int): 模型输入尺寸(320或640)
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Returns:
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Tuple[str, float, int]: 三元组
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- str: 识别出的数字字符串
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- float: 平均置信度
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- int: 原始检测数量(过滤前)
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异常处理:
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- 图片无法读取: 返回 ("", 0.0, 0) 并打印警告
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- 没有检测结果: 返回 ("", 0.0, 0)
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示例:
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>>> model = YOLO("best.pt")
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>>> digits, conf, count = predict_single_image(model, Path("test.jpg"), 0.2, 320)
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>>> if len(digits) == 4:
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... print(f"✓ 识别成功: {digits}")
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... else:
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... print(f"⚠️ 只检测到 {len(digits)} 位")
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"""
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# 读取图片获取宽度
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img = cv2.imread(str(image_path))
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if img is None:
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print(f"警告:无法读取图片 {image_path}")
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return "", 0.0, 0
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img_height, img_width = img.shape[:2]
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# 进行预测
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results = model.predict(
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source=str(image_path),
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conf=conf,
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imgsz=imgsz,
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verbose=False
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)[0]
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# 提取数字
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digits, avg_conf, original_count = extract_digits_from_predictions(results, img_width, img_height)
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return digits, avg_conf, original_count
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def main() -> None:
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"""
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主函数:执行智能批量数字识别流程
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完整流程:
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1. 解析命令行参数并验证
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2. 加载YOLO模型
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3. 扫描图片文件夹,支持多种图片格式
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4. 逐张进行智能识别(带过滤和后处理)
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5. 收集并统计识别结果
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6. 生成详细的质量报告
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7. 保存结果到文本文件
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8. 可选:生成可视化标注图片
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输出内容:
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控制台输出:
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- 每张图片的识别结果(数字、置信度、检测数量)
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- 统计信息(准确率、平均置信度等)
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- 质量分析(低置信度、异常检测等)
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文本文件(results/predictions_improved.txt):
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文件名 识别结果 置信度 数字个数 原始检测数
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YZM.jpeg 3809 0.584 4 5
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可视化图片(可选):
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results/visualizations_improved/
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- 每张图片带检测框和标签
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||||
- 便于人工审核和调试
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||||
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||||
质量指标:
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- 正确率: 识别出4位数字的图片比例
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||||
- 平均置信度: 所有图片的平均置信度
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||||
- 低质量警告: 识别不足4位的图片列表
|
||||
- 过度检测: 原始检测超过6个的图片
|
||||
|
||||
异常处理:
|
||||
- FileNotFoundError: 模型或图片目录不存在时抛出
|
||||
- 图片读取失败: 跳过并打印警告
|
||||
- 其他异常向上传播
|
||||
|
||||
依赖环境:
|
||||
- ultralytics (YOLO模型)
|
||||
- opencv-python (图片读取)
|
||||
- numpy (数值计算)
|
||||
"""
|
||||
args = parse_args()
|
||||
|
||||
# 检查模型文件
|
||||
if not args.model.exists():
|
||||
raise FileNotFoundError(f"模型文件不存在: {args.model}")
|
||||
|
||||
# 检查源文件夹
|
||||
if not args.source.exists():
|
||||
raise FileNotFoundError(f"源文件夹不存在: {args.source}")
|
||||
|
||||
# 加载模型
|
||||
print(f"加载模型: {args.model}")
|
||||
model = YOLO(str(args.model))
|
||||
|
||||
# 获取所有图片文件
|
||||
image_extensions = [".jpg", ".jpeg", ".png", ".bmp"]
|
||||
image_files = []
|
||||
for ext in image_extensions:
|
||||
image_files.extend(args.source.glob(f"*{ext}"))
|
||||
image_files.extend(args.source.glob(f"*{ext.upper()}"))
|
||||
|
||||
image_files = sorted(image_files)
|
||||
|
||||
if not image_files:
|
||||
print(f"在 {args.source} 中没有找到图片文件")
|
||||
return
|
||||
|
||||
print(f"找到 {len(image_files)} 张图片")
|
||||
print("-" * 90)
|
||||
|
||||
# 预测结果
|
||||
results = []
|
||||
|
||||
for image_path in image_files:
|
||||
digits, conf, original_count = predict_single_image(model, image_path, args.conf, args.imgsz)
|
||||
|
||||
# 检查是否识别出4位数字
|
||||
if len(digits) != 4:
|
||||
status = f"⚠️ 检测到 {len(digits)} 位 (原始:{original_count})"
|
||||
else:
|
||||
status = f"✓ (原始:{original_count})"
|
||||
|
||||
result_line = f"{image_path.name:<20} -> {digits:<8} 置信度:{conf:.3f} {status}"
|
||||
print(result_line)
|
||||
|
||||
results.append({
|
||||
"filename": image_path.name,
|
||||
"digits": digits,
|
||||
"confidence": conf,
|
||||
"digit_count": len(digits),
|
||||
"original_count": original_count
|
||||
})
|
||||
|
||||
print("-" * 90)
|
||||
print(f"识别完成!")
|
||||
|
||||
# 统计信息
|
||||
correct_count = sum(1 for r in results if r["digit_count"] == 4)
|
||||
print(f"正确识别4位数字: {correct_count}/{len(results)} ({correct_count/len(results)*100:.1f}%)")
|
||||
|
||||
# 保存结果
|
||||
args.output.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
|
||||
with args.output.open("w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
|
||||
f.write("文件名\t识别结果\t置信度\t数字个数\t原始检测数\n")
|
||||
for r in results:
|
||||
f.write(f"{r['filename']}\t{r['digits']}\t{r['confidence']:.3f}\t{r['digit_count']}\t{r['original_count']}\n")
|
||||
|
||||
print(f"结果已保存到: {args.output}")
|
||||
|
||||
# 如果需要保存可视化结果
|
||||
if args.save_vis:
|
||||
print("\n生成可视化结果...")
|
||||
output_dir = args.output.parent / "visualizations_improved"
|
||||
model.predict(
|
||||
source=str(args.source),
|
||||
conf=args.conf,
|
||||
imgsz=args.imgsz,
|
||||
save=True,
|
||||
project=str(output_dir.parent),
|
||||
name=output_dir.name,
|
||||
exist_ok=True
|
||||
)
|
||||
print(f"可视化结果已保存到: {output_dir}")
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||||
main()
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user