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docs/source/en/model_doc/gemma4_unified.md
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docs/source/en/model_doc/gemma4_unified.md
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<!--Copyright 2026 the HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
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Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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You may obtain a copy of the License at
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http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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limitations under the License.
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⚠️ Note that this file is in Markdown but contain specific syntax for our doc-builder (similar to MDX) that may not be rendered properly in your Markdown viewer.
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-->
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*This model was contributed to Hugging Face Transformers on 2026-06-03.*
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# Gemma4 Unified
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## Overview
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Gemma 4 12B Unified is an **encoder-free** multimodal model with pretrained and instruction-tuned variants. Unlike [standard Gemma 4](./gemma4), which uses dedicated encoder towers, Gemma 4 12B Unified projects raw inputs directly into the language model's embedding space through lightweight linear pipelines. This results in a simpler architecture while maintaining strong multimodal performance.
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Key differences from standard Gemma 4:
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- **No Vision Tower**: Raw pixel patches are projected directly into LM space via a `Dense + LayerNorm` pipeline with factorized 2D positional embeddings, replacing the vision encoder.
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- **No Audio Tower**: Raw 16 kHz waveform samples are chunked into fixed-length frames and projected through a simple `RMSNorm → Linear` pipeline, replacing the mel spectrogram + Conformer encoder.
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- **Shared Multimodal Pipeline**: Both vision and audio use the same `Gemma4UnifiedMultimodalEmbedder` (RMSNorm → Linear) for the final projection to text hidden space.
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You can find the original Gemma 4 12B Unified checkpoints under the [Gemma 4](https://huggingface.co/collections/google/gemma-4) release.
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### Encoder-Free Vision Pipeline
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The key architectural difference from standard Gemma 4 is the removal of the vision encoder tower. Instead, Gemma 4 12B Unified processes images through a lightweight pipeline:
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1. **Patchification**: Images are split into `16×16` pixel patches
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2. **Patch Merging**: Adjacent `3×3` patches are merged into `48×48` model patches, each with `48² × 3 = 6,912` raw pixel channels
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3. **Projection**: `LayerNorm → Dense → LayerNorm` projects each merged patch into the LM embedding dimension
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4. **Positional Embedding**: Factorized 2D positional embeddings are added (separate learned embeddings for x and y axes, summed together)
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5. **Final Norm**: A final `LayerNorm` is applied
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6. **Multimodal Embedder**: `RMSNorm → Linear` projects to the text hidden size
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Like standard Gemma 4, the model processes **images of different sizes** using a **fixed-budget number of tokens**. The same constraints apply:
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- The total number of pixels must fit within a patch budget
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- Both height and width must be divisible by **48** (= patch size 16 × pooling kernel 3)
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> Gemma 4 12B Unified does **not** apply mean/std normalization. The model's own patch embedding layer handles the final scaling internally.
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The number of soft tokens per image is configurable. The supported options and default (**280 soft tokens**) are:
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| Soft Tokens | Patches (before pooling) | Approx. Image Area |
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|:-----------:|:------------------------:|:-------------------:|
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| 70 | 630 | ~161K pixels |
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| 140 | 1,260 | ~323K pixels |
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| **280** | **2,520** | **~645K pixels** |
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| 560 | 5,040 | ~1.3M pixels |
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| 1,120 | 10,080 | ~2.6M pixels |
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### Encoder-Free Audio Pipeline
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The audio pipeline is similarly simplified. Instead of computing mel spectrograms and processing them through a Conformer encoder, raw 16 kHz waveform samples are:
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1. **Chunked** into fixed-length frames of 640 samples each (40ms per frame at 16 kHz)
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2. **Projected** directly through `RMSNorm → Linear` via the shared `Gemma4UnifiedMultimodalEmbedder`
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Since there is **no downsampling**, the number of output soft tokens equals the number of input frames: `ceil(num_samples / 640)`.
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## Usage examples
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The example below demonstrates how to generate text based on an image and an audio sample with [`Pipeline`] or the [`AutoModel`] class.
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<hfoptions id="usage">
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<hfoption id="Pipeline">
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```python
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from transformers import pipeline
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pipe = pipeline(
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task="any-to-any",
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model="google/gemma-4-12B-it",
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)
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image_messages = [
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{
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"role": "user",
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"content": [
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{
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"type": "image",
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"url": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/pipeline-cat-chonk.jpeg"
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},
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{
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"type": "text",
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"text": "What is shown in this image?"
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}
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]
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}
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]
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image_output = pipe(image_messages, return_full_text=False)
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print(image_output[0]["generated_text"])
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audio_messages = [
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{
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"role": "user",
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"content": [
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{"type": "text", "text": "Please transcribe the following audio:"},
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{
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"type": "audio",
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"url": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/eustlb/audio-samples/resolve/main/bcn_weather.mp3",
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},
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],
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}
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]
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audio_output = pipe(audio_messages, return_full_text=False)
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print(audio_output[0]["generated_text"])
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```
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</hfoption>
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<hfoption id="AutoModel">
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### Image
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```python
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from transformers import AutoModelForMultimodalLM, AutoProcessor
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model = AutoModelForMultimodalLM.from_pretrained(
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"google/gemma-4-12B-it",
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device_map="auto"
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)
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processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(
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"google/gemma-4-12B-it"
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)
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messages = [
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{
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"role": "user", "content": [
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{"type": "image", "url": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/pipeline-cat-chonk.jpeg"},
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{"type": "text", "text": "What is shown in this image?"},
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]
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},
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]
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inputs = processor.apply_chat_template(
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messages,
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tokenize=True,
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return_dict=True,
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return_tensors="pt",
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add_generation_prompt=True,
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).to(model.device)
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input_len = inputs["input_ids"].shape[-1]
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output = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=50, cache_implementation="static")
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print(processor.decode(output[0][input_len:], skip_special_tokens=True))
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```
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### Audio
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```python
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from transformers import AutoModelForMultimodalLM, AutoProcessor
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messages = [
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{
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"role": "user",
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"content": [
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{"type": "text", "text": "Please transcribe the following audio:"},
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{
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"type": "audio",
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"url": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/eustlb/audio-samples/resolve/main/bcn_weather.mp3",
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},
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],
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}
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]
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model = AutoModelForMultimodalLM.from_pretrained(
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"google/gemma-4-12B-it",
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device_map="auto"
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)
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processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(
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"google/gemma-4-12B-it"
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)
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inputs = processor.apply_chat_template(
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messages,
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tokenize=True,
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add_generation_prompt=True,
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return_dict=True,
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return_tensors="pt"
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).to(model.device, dtype=model.dtype)
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input_len = inputs["input_ids"].shape[-1]
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outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=200)
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print(processor.decode(outputs[0][input_len:], skip_special_tokens=False))
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```
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</hfoption>
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</hfoptions>
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## Gemma4UnifiedAudioConfig
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[[autodoc]] Gemma4UnifiedAudioConfig
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## Gemma4UnifiedConfig
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[[autodoc]] Gemma4UnifiedConfig
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## Gemma4UnifiedTextConfig
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[[autodoc]] Gemma4UnifiedTextConfig
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## Gemma4UnifiedVisionConfig
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[[autodoc]] Gemma4UnifiedVisionConfig
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## Gemma4UnifiedAudioFeatureExtractor
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[[autodoc]] Gemma4UnifiedAudioFeatureExtractor
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- __call__
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## Gemma4UnifiedImageProcessor
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[[autodoc]] Gemma4UnifiedImageProcessor
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## Gemma4UnifiedVideoProcessor
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[[autodoc]] Gemma4UnifiedVideoProcessor
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## Gemma4UnifiedProcessor
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[[autodoc]] Gemma4UnifiedProcessor
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- __call__
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## Gemma4UnifiedPreTrainedModel
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[[autodoc]] Gemma4UnifiedPreTrainedModel
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- forward
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## Gemma4UnifiedModel
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[[autodoc]] Gemma4UnifiedModel
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- forward
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## Gemma4UnifiedTextModel
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[[autodoc]] Gemma4UnifiedTextModel
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- forward
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## Gemma4UnifiedForCausalLM
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[[autodoc]] Gemma4UnifiedForCausalLM
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## Gemma4UnifiedForConditionalGeneration
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[[autodoc]] Gemma4UnifiedForConditionalGeneration
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- forward
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