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# Treinamento distribuído com o 🤗 Accelerate
O paralelismo surgiu como uma estratégia para treinar modelos grandes em hardware limitado e aumentar a velocidade
de treinamento em várias órdens de magnitude. Na Hugging Face criamos a biblioteca [🤗 Accelerate](https://huggingface.co/docs/accelerate)
para ajudar os usuários a treinar modelos 🤗 Transformers com qualquer configuração distribuída, seja em uma máquina
com múltiplos GPUs ou em múltiplos GPUs distribuidos entre muitas máquinas. Neste tutorial, você irá aprender como
personalizar seu laço de treinamento de PyTorch para poder treinar em ambientes distribuídos.
## Configuração
De início, instale o 🤗 Accelerate:
```bash
pip install accelerate
```
Logo, devemos importar e criar um objeto [`Accelerator`](https://huggingface.co/docs/accelerate/package_reference/accelerator#accelerate.Accelerator).
O `Accelerator` detectará automáticamente a configuração distribuída disponível e inicializará todos os
componentes necessários para o treinamento. Não há necessidade portanto de especificar o dispositivo onde deve colocar seu modelo.
```py
>>> from accelerate import Accelerator
>>> accelerator = Accelerator()
```
## Preparando a aceleração
Passe todos os objetos relevantes ao treinamento para o método [`prepare`](https://huggingface.co/docs/accelerate/package_reference/accelerator#accelerate.Accelerator.prepare).
Isto inclui os DataLoaders de treino e evaluação, um modelo e um otimizador:
```py
>>> train_dataloader, eval_dataloader, model, optimizer = accelerator.prepare(
... train_dataloader, eval_dataloader, model, optimizer
... )
```
## Backward
Por último, substitua o `loss.backward()` padrão em seu laço de treinamento com o método [`backward`](https://huggingface.co/docs/accelerate/package_reference/accelerator#accelerate.Accelerator.backward) do 🤗 Accelerate:
```py
>>> for epoch in range(num_epochs):
... for batch in train_dataloader:
... outputs = model(**batch)
... loss = outputs.loss
... accelerator.backward(loss)
... optimizer.step()
... lr_scheduler.step()
... optimizer.zero_grad()
... progress_bar.update(1)
```
Como se poder ver no seguinte código, só precisará adicionar quatro linhas de código ao seu laço de treinamento
para habilitar o treinamento distribuído!
```diff
+ from accelerate import Accelerator
from transformers import AdamW, AutoModelForSequenceClassification, get_scheduler
+ accelerator = Accelerator()
model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(checkpoint, num_labels=2)
optimizer = AdamW(model.parameters(), lr=3e-5)
- device = torch.device("cuda") if torch.cuda.is_available() else torch.device("cpu")
- model.to(device)
+ train_dataloader, eval_dataloader, model, optimizer = accelerator.prepare(
+ train_dataloader, eval_dataloader, model, optimizer
+ )
num_epochs = 3
num_training_steps = num_epochs * len(train_dataloader)
lr_scheduler = get_scheduler(
"linear",
optimizer=optimizer,
num_warmup_steps=0,
num_training_steps=num_training_steps
)
progress_bar = tqdm(range(num_training_steps))
model.train()
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
for batch in train_dataloader:
- batch = {k: v.to(device) for k, v in batch.items()}
outputs = model(**batch)
loss = outputs.loss
- loss.backward()
+ accelerator.backward(loss)
optimizer.step()
lr_scheduler.step()
optimizer.zero_grad()
progress_bar.update(1)
```
## Treinamento
Quando tiver adicionado as linhas de código relevantes, inicie o treinamento por um script ou notebook como o Colab.
### Treinamento em um Script
Se estiver rodando seu treinamento em um Script, execute o seguinte comando para criar e guardar um arquivo de configuração:
```bash
accelerate config
```
Comece o treinamento com:
```bash
accelerate launch train.py
```
### Treinamento em um Notebook
O 🤗 Accelerate pode rodar em um notebook, por exemplo, se estiver planejando usar as TPUs do Google Colab.
Encapsule o código responsável pelo treinamento de uma função e passe-o ao `notebook_launcher`:
```py
>>> from accelerate import notebook_launcher
>>> notebook_launcher(training_function)
```
Para obter mais informações sobre o 🤗 Accelerate e suas numerosas funções, consulte a [documentación](https://huggingface.co/docs/accelerate/index).