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Efficient Training on CPU

このガイドは、CPU上で大規模なモデルを効率的にトレーニングする方法に焦点を当てています。

Mixed precision with IPEX

IPEXはAVX-512以上のCPUに最適化されており、AVX2のみのCPUでも機能的に動作します。そのため、AVX-512以上のIntel CPU世代ではパフォーマンスの向上が期待されますが、AVX2のみのCPUAMD CPUまたは古いIntel CPUではIPEXの下でより良いパフォーマンスが得られるかもしれませんが、保証されません。IPEXは、Float32とBFloat16の両方でCPUトレーニングのパフォーマンスを最適化します。以下のセクションでは、BFloat16の使用に重点を置いて説明します。

低精度データ型であるBFloat16は、AVX512命令セットを備えた第3世代Xeon® Scalable Processors別名Cooper Lakeでネイティブサポートされており、さらに高性能なIntel® Advanced Matrix ExtensionsIntel® AMX命令セットを備えた次世代のIntel® Xeon® Scalable Processorsでもサポートされます。CPUバックエンド用の自動混合精度がPyTorch-1.10以降で有効になっています。同時に、Intel® Extension for PyTorchでのCPU用BFloat16の自動混合精度サポートと、オペレーターのBFloat16最適化のサポートが大幅に向上し、一部がPyTorchのメインブランチにアップストリームされています。ユーザーはIPEX Auto Mixed Precisionを使用することで、より優れたパフォーマンスとユーザーエクスペリエンスを得ることができます。

詳細な情報については、Auto Mixed Precisionを確認してください。

IPEX installation:

IPEXのリリースはPyTorchに従っており、pipを使用してインストールできます

PyTorch Version IPEX version
1.13 1.13.0+cpu
1.12 1.12.300+cpu
1.11 1.11.200+cpu
1.10 1.10.100+cpu
pip install intel_extension_for_pytorch==<version_name> -f https://developer.intel.com/ipex-whl-stable-cpu

IPEXのインストール方法について、さらなるアプローチを確認してください。

Trainerでの使用方法

TrainerでIPEXの自動混合精度を有効にするには、ユーザーはトレーニングコマンド引数に use_ipexbf16、および no_cuda を追加する必要があります。

Transformersの質問応答のユースケースを例に説明します。

  • CPU上でBF16自動混合精度を使用してIPEXでトレーニングを行う場合
 python run_qa.py \
--model_name_or_path google-bert/bert-base-uncased \
--dataset_name squad \
--do_train \
--do_eval \
--per_device_train_batch_size 12 \
--learning_rate 3e-5 \
--num_train_epochs 2 \
--max_seq_length 384 \
--doc_stride 128 \
--output_dir /tmp/debug_squad/ \
--use_ipex \
--bf16 --no_cuda

Practice example

Blog: Accelerating PyTorch Transformers with Intel Sapphire Rapids