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2026-06-05 16:53:03 +08:00

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# GPT-2[[gpt-2]]
[GPT-2](https://cdn.openai.com/better-language-models/language_models_are_unsupervised_multitask_learners.pdf)는 GPT의 확장 버전으로, 인과적 트랜스포머 언어 모델이며, 10배 더 많은 매개변수와 학습 데이터를 가지고 있습니다. 이 모델은 이전의 모든 단어를 기반으로 다음 단어를 예측하도록 40GB 데이터 세트에서 사전 학습되었습니다. 이러한 접근 방식을 통해 이 모델은 제로샷 설정에서 많은 다운스트림 작업을 수행할 수 있게 되었습니다.
모델 아키텍처는 각 토큰이 이전 토큰에만 주의를 기울일 수 있는 단방향(인과적) 어텐션 메커니즘을 사용하므로, 텍스트 생성 작업에 특히 효과적입니다.
모든 원본 GPT-2 체크포인트는 [OpenAI community](https://huggingface.co/openai-community?search_models=gpt) 조직에서 찾을 수 있습니다.
> [!TIP]
> 오른쪽 사이드바의 GPT-2 모델을 클릭하여 GPT-2를 다양한 언어 작업에 적용하는 더 많은 예시를 확인하세요.
아래 예시는 [`Pipeline`] 또는 [`AutoModel`], 그리고 명령줄에서 GPT-2로 텍스트를 생성하는 방법을 보여줍니다.
<hfoptions id="usage">
<hfoption id="Pipeline">
```py
import torch
from transformers import pipeline
# 텍스트 생성을 위한 파이프라인 생성
pipeline = pipeline(task="text-generation", model="openai-community/gpt2", dtype=torch.float16, device=0)
pipeline("Hello, I'm a language model")
```
</hfoption>
<hfoption id="AutoModel">
```py
import torch
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
# 사전 학습된 모델과 토크나이저 로드
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("openai-community/gpt2", dtype=torch.float16, device_map="auto", attn_implementation="sdpa")
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("openai-community/gpt2")
# 입력 텍스트를 토큰화하고 GPU로 이동
input_ids = tokenizer("Hello, I'm a language model", return_tensors="pt").to("cuda")
# 텍스트 생성
output = model.generate(**input_ids, cache_implementation="static")
print(tokenizer.decode(output[0], skip_special_tokens=True))
```
</hfoption>
</hfoptions>
`transformers backend`를 사용하여 vLLM으로 모델을 서빙할 수도 있습니다.
```
vllm serve openai-community/gpt2 --model-imp transformers
```
양자화는 가중치를 더 낮은 정밀도로 표현하여 대형 모델의 메모리 부담을 줄입니다. 사용할 수 있는 더 많은 양자화 백엔드에 대해서는 [Quantization](../quantization/overview) 개요를 참조하세요.
아래 예시는 [bitsandbytes](../quantization/bitsandbytes)를 사용하여 가중치만 4비트로 양자화합니다.
```py
import torch
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer, BitsAndBytesConfig, pipeline
# 양자화 설정 구성
quantization_config = BitsAndBytesConfig(
load_in_4bit=True,
bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4",
bnb_4bit_compute_dtype="float16",
bnb_4bit_use_double_quant=True
)
# 양자화된 모델 로드
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
"openai-community/gpt2-xl",
quantization_config=quantization_config,
device_map="auto"
)
# 토크나이저 로드 및 텍스트 생성
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("openai-community/gpt2-xl")
inputs = tokenizer("Once upon a time, there was a magical forest", return_tensors="pt").to("cuda")
outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=100)
print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True))
```
## 참고사항[[notes]]
- GPT-2는 절대 위치 임베딩을 사용하므로 입력을 오른쪽에 패딩하세요.
- GPT-2는 이전에 계산된 키-값 어텐션 쌍을 재사용할 수 있습니다. [`GPT2Model.forward`]의 [past_key_values](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers//en/model_doc/gpt2#transformers.GPT2Model.forward.past_key_values) 매개변수로 이 기능에 접근하세요.
- [Mistral](./mistral)의 학습 안정성 개선 사항을 적용하려면 [scale_attn_by_inverse_layer_idx](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/en/model_doc/gpt2#transformers.GPT2Config.scale_attn_by_inverse_layer_idx)와 [reorder_and_upcast_attn](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/en/model_doc/gpt2#transformers.GPT2Config.reorder_and_upcast_attn) 매개변수를 활성화하세요.
## GPT2Config
[[autodoc]] GPT2Config
## GPT2Tokenizer
[[autodoc]] GPT2Tokenizer
- save_vocabulary
## GPT2TokenizerFast
[[autodoc]] GPT2TokenizerFast
## GPT2 특정 출력[[gpt2-specific-outputs]]
[[autodoc]] models.gpt2.modeling_gpt2.GPT2DoubleHeadsModelOutput
## GPT2Model
[[autodoc]] GPT2Model
- forward
## GPT2LMHeadModel
[[autodoc]] GPT2LMHeadModel
- forward
## GPT2DoubleHeadsModel
[[autodoc]] GPT2DoubleHeadsModel
- forward
## GPT2ForQuestionAnswering
[[autodoc]] GPT2ForQuestionAnswering
- forward
## GPT2ForSequenceClassification
[[autodoc]] GPT2ForSequenceClassification
- forward
## GPT2ForTokenClassification
[[autodoc]] GPT2ForTokenClassification
- forward