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transformers/docs/source/ko/perf_train_cpu.md
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2026-06-05 16:53:03 +08:00

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CPU에서 효율적인 훈련 efficient-training-on-cpu

이 가이드는 CPU에서 대규모 모델을 효율적으로 훈련하는 데 초점을 맞춥니다.

IPEX와 혼합 정밀도 mixed-precision-with-ipex

IPEX는 AVX-512 이상을 지원하는 CPU에 최적화되어 있으며, AVX2만 지원하는 CPU에도 기능적으로 작동합니다. 따라서 AVX-512 이상의 Intel CPU 세대에서는 성능상 이점이 있을 것으로 예상되지만, AVX2만 지원하는 CPU (예: AMD CPU 또는 오래된 Intel CPU)의 경우에는 IPEX 아래에서 더 나은 성능을 보일 수 있지만 이는 보장되지 않습니다. IPEX는 Float32와 BFloat16를 모두 사용하여 CPU 훈련을 위한 성능 최적화를 제공합니다. BFloat16의 사용은 다음 섹션의 주요 초점입니다.

저정밀도 데이터 타입인 BFloat16은 3세대 Xeon® Scalable 프로세서 (코드명: Cooper Lake)에서 AVX512 명령어 집합을 네이티브로 지원해 왔으며, 다음 세대의 Intel® Xeon® Scalable 프로세서에서 Intel® Advanced Matrix Extensions (Intel® AMX) 명령어 집합을 지원하여 성능을 크게 향상시킬 예정입니다. CPU 백엔드의 자동 혼합 정밀도 기능은 PyTorch-1.10부터 활성화되었습니다. 동시에, Intel® Extension for PyTorch에서 BFloat16에 대한 CPU의 자동 혼합 정밀도 및 연산자의 BFloat16 최적화를 대규모로 활성화하고, PyTorch 마스터 브랜치로 부분적으로 업스트림을 반영했습니다. 사용자들은 IPEX 자동 혼합 정밀도를 사용하여 더 나은 성능과 사용자 경험을 얻을 수 있습니다.

자동 혼합 정밀도에 대한 자세한 정보를 확인하십시오.

IPEX 설치: ipex-installation

IPEX 릴리스는 PyTorch를 따라갑니다. pip를 통해 설치하려면:

PyTorch Version IPEX version
1.13 1.13.0+cpu
1.12 1.12.300+cpu
1.11 1.11.200+cpu
1.10 1.10.100+cpu
pip install intel_extension_for_pytorch==<version_name> -f https://developer.intel.com/ipex-whl-stable-cpu

IPEX 설치에 대한 더 많은 접근 방법을 확인하십시오.

Trainer에서의 사용법 usage-in-trainer

Trainer에서 IPEX의 자동 혼합 정밀도를 활성화하려면 사용자는 훈련 명령 인수에 use_ipex, bf16, no_cuda를 추가해야 합니다.

Transformers 질문-응답의 사용 사례를 살펴보겠습니다.

  • CPU에서 BF16 자동 혼합 정밀도를 사용하여 IPEX로 훈련하기:
 python run_qa.py \
--model_name_or_path google-bert/bert-base-uncased \
--dataset_name squad \
--do_train \
--do_eval \
--per_device_train_batch_size 12 \
--learning_rate 3e-5 \
--num_train_epochs 2 \
--max_seq_length 384 \
--doc_stride 128 \
--output_dir /tmp/debug_squad/ \
--use_ipex \
--bf16 --no_cuda

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